Modern design, which emerged in the early to mid-20th century, is defined by a philosophy of clean lines, functionalism, and a rejection of unnecessary ornamentation. It prioritises simplicity and a deliberate use of materials. The palette is often subdued, relying on neutral colours like white, black, grey, and beige, frequently contrasted with primary colours used as accents. Materials are typically honest and exposed, including steel, glass, concrete, and unadorned wood. Furniture is sculptural and highly functional, featuring smooth surfaces and geometric shapes. The focus is on open-plan layouts, letting natural light fill the space, and creating an uncluttered, sleek, and timeless environment.